{"id":97,"date":"2025-01-04T07:25:10","date_gmt":"2025-01-04T07:25:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firewallsudhan.in\/?p=97"},"modified":"2025-01-08T14:10:39","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T14:10:39","slug":"migrate-wordpress-from-aws-to-oci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firewallsudhan.in\/index.php\/2025\/01\/04\/migrate-wordpress-from-aws-to-oci\/","title":{"rendered":"Migrate WordPress from AWS to OCI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

AWS turned out to be super costly for running a simple wordpress website on a single T2 micro VM (on-demand plan) with both apache webserver and mysql database. The overall cost came around 1400 INR for a month. With savings plan for 1 year\/3year, we could get around 30% discount. It would be still be 1000+ INR for a month. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

I started evaluating other options like BlueHost. But they rely on certain plugins for migrating the data. By chance, I happen to see that Oracle Cloud Infrastructure offers a free tier that says – 2 VMs with 1VCPU and 1GB RAM free always. The free tier comes with 400 SGD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With Azure, GCP and AWS, I had only a single VM. With OCI, I deployed the apache web server and mysql database separately on 2 VMs with Ubuntu 24.04. Thanks to OCI’s pricing model and free tier, I could deploy VMs within India. I am OK with the performance for now. If needed, I will switch to a lighter OS and switch to nginx.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Overall, the migration steps were almost same (see GCP to AWS<\/a> migration). Created a tar file from \/var\/www\/html and used mysqldump to export the data to .sql file. Once the VMs are ready, untar the .tar.gz file and import the .sql file to database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With OCI, though I had the VCN and security lists with ingress rules for 80\/443, I still had to enable the firewall rules at the Linux system level. Only after executing the below iptables command, I was able to provision the SSL certificates via certbot for my domain. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

sudo iptables -I INPUT 6 -m state –state NEW -p tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sudo iptables -I INPUT 7 -m state –state NEW -p tcp –dport 443 -j ACCEPT<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

curl command helped to troubleshoot and isolate the port issue. “curl http:\/\/localhost:80” was working and “curl http:\/\/<PUBLIC_IP>:80 failed with “Could not connect to server” error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the database mysql-server was on a different VM, I had to make changes to that VM as well. Enabled port 3306 (default mysql port) for ingress and also update the binding address in \/etc\/mysql\/mysql.conf.d\/mysqld.cnf file to 0.0.0.0 instead of localhost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

bind-address = 0.0.0.0
mysqlx-bind-address = 0.0.0.0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The privileges of wp_user was also bound to localhost in the past. I modified the SQL commands also to use ‘%’ instead of ‘localhost’ in the SQL queries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

ALTER USER ‘your_user’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘user_password’;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON .<\/em> TO ‘your_user’@’%’;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Do not forget to restart mysql and apache after any of the above config changes before testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

sudo systemctl restart mysql<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

I initially struggled to assign a reserved IP to an already created VM. Later, I ended up creating a new VM and was able to assign a previously created reserved ip address to it. https:\/\/docs.oracle.com\/en-us\/iaas\/Content\/Network\/Tasks\/reserved-public-ip-assign.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you are new to OCI, apart from the free tier, there are also free learning materials for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure 2024 Foundations Associate 1Z0-1085-24<\/a> certification exam @ https:\/\/mylearn.oracle.com\/ou\/learning-path\/become-an-oci-foundations-associate-2024\/139374<\/a>. This exam is retiring soon – Feb 13, 2025. Until then, the exam is free and covers foundational topics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

AWS turned out to be super costly for running a simple wordpress website on a single T2 micro VM (on-demand plan) with both apache webserver and mysql database. The overall cost came around 1400 INR for a month. With savings plan for 1 year\/3year, we could get around 30% discount. It would be still be […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[15,25,24],"class_list":["post-97","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-oci","tag-hosting","tag-migration","tag-wordpress"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/firewallsudhan.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/firewallsudhan.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/firewallsudhan.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firewallsudhan.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firewallsudhan.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=97"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/firewallsudhan.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":103,"href":"https:\/\/firewallsudhan.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97\/revisions\/103"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/firewallsudhan.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=97"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firewallsudhan.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=97"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firewallsudhan.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=97"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}